Nederlandse Publieke Omroep

HOME

TheInfoList

Click Here for Items Related To - Nederlandse Publieke Omroep

OR:

Nederlandse Publieke Omroep on: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Amazon]

The Dutch public broadcasting system ( nl, Nederlands publieke omroepbestel) is a group of organizations that are responsible for public service television and radio broadcasting in the

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

. It is composed of the

Nederlandse Publieke Omroep The Dutch public broadcasting system ( nl, Nederlands publieke omroepbestel) is a group of organizations that are responsible for public service television and radio broadcasting in the Netherlands. It is composed of the Nederlandse Publieke Omroe ...

(NPO) foundation, which acts as its governing body, and a number of public broadcasters. The Dutch ''Media Act 2008'' regulates how air time is divided and puts the administration of the public broadcasting system in the hands of the NPO Board of Directors. In addition to the national broadcasters, there are also regional and local broadcasters in the Netherlands. Unlike most other countries'

public broadcasting Public broadcasting involves radio, television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service. Public broadcasters receive funding from diverse sources including license fees, individual contributions, public financing ...

organizations – which are either national corporations (such as the

BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...

...

and

France Télévisions France Télévisions (; stylized since 2018 as ) is the French national public television broadcaster. It is a state-owned company formed from the integration of the public television channels France 2 (formerly Antenne 2) and France 3 (former ...

Radio France Radio France is the French national public radio broadcaster. Stations Radio France offers seven national networks: *France Inter — Radio France's "generalist" station, featuring entertaining and informative talk mixed with a wide variety of ...

), federations of regional public-law bodies (for example, ARD,

SRG SSR The Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (german: Schweizerische Radio- und Fernsehgesellschaft; french: Société suisse de radiodiffusion et télévision; it, Società svizzera di radiotelevisione; rm, Societad Svizra da Radio e Televisiun; SRG ...

) or governmental and member-based institutions with their own channels and facilities (such as

PBS The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcasting, public broadcaster and Non-commercial activity, non-commercial, Terrestrial television, free-to-air television network based in Arlington, Virginia. PBS is a publicly fu ...

) – those in the Netherlands are member-based broadcasting associations that share common facilities. This arrangement has its origins in the system developed in the Netherlands early in the 20th century, known as ''

pillarisation Pillarisation (from the nl, verzuiling) is the politico-denominational segregation of a society into groups by religion and associated political beliefs. These societies were (and in some areas, still are) vertically divided into two or more gr ...

''. Under this system the different religious and political streams of Dutch society (Catholics, Protestants, socialists, etc.) all have their own separate associations, newspapers, sports clubs, educational institutions, and also broadcasting organizations. Their stated aim is to give a voice to each social group in multicultural Dutch society. The number of hours allocated to each broadcaster corresponds roughly to the number of members each organization can recruit (although this does not apply to NOS and NTR – see below). Since 2000, the system has been financed out of general

tax A tax is a compulsory financial charge or some other type of levy imposed on a taxpayer (an individual or legal entity) by a governmental organization in order to fund government spending and various public expenditures (regional, local, or n ...

ation rather than from

broadcast receiver licence A television licence or broadcast receiving licence is a payment required in many countries for the reception of television broadcasts, or the possession of a television set where some broadcasts are funded in full or in part by the licence f ...

fees. This is supplemented by a limited amount of on-air

advertising Advertising is the practice and techniques employed to bring attention to a product or service. Advertising aims to put a product or service in the spotlight in hopes of drawing it attention from consumers. It is typically used to promote a ...

(provided by STER), which has been allowed since 1967. Nearly all viewers in the Netherlands receive most of their linear TV via cable, IPTV (DSL or fiber) or satellite systems. Regional public TV exists in parallel to the national system described below. Commercial television in the Netherlands began in 1989, with the

Luxembourg Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ...

-based

RTL 4 RTL 4 (Radio Télévision Luxembourg 4) is a Dutch free-to-air, free-to-cable television channel; it is the most-watched commercial station in the country, popular especially with those aged between 20 and 49. RTL 4 is a general entertainment chan ...

. In 1992, the

government of the Netherlands The politics of the Netherlands take place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democracy, a constitutional monarchy, and a decentralised unitary state.''Civil service systems in Western Europe'' edited by A. J. G. M. Bekke, ...

legalised commercial TV, and many new commercial channels have become established since then.

Finance

Every year, the Dutch public broadcasting system is allocated funds from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science. In 2018 the allocation was 794 million

Euro The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...

with yearly revenues from advertising averaging around 200 million Euro. The cost to each adult Dutch citizen is approximately 45 Euro per year, which is on a similar level to VRT in Flemish Belgium (46 Euro). In comparison, the

...
in the United Kingdom gets its revenue from an annual household

licence fee A television licence or broadcast receiving licence is a payment required in many countries for the reception of television broadcasts, or the possession of a television set where some broadcasts are funded in full or in part by the licence f ...

of 159 GBP, approx 188 Euro. As of 2020, the BBC's average annual licence fee income is 3.7 Billion GBP and the UK adult population is about 53 million (total population is 68 million), so the average cost per person is about 70 GBP.

History

The closed system (1920–1960)

Since the very beginning in the early 1920s, public broadcasting in the Netherlands has been split into different broadcasting associations with their members composed of listeners and viewers. These associations were based on the different ideological sections of Dutch society, called ''Verzuiling'' (

Catholics The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

Protestants Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to b ...

and

Socialists Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the eco ...

were the first groups to create their own institutions, including schools, hospitals, trades unions and political parties. When

radio Radio is the technology of signaling and communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmit ...

in the Netherlands started in the 1920s the existing groups quickly created their own broadcasting associations, producing programmes for the primary radio network, '' Hilversum 1''. The first to start was the liberal

AVRO AVRO, short for Algemene Vereniging Radio Omroep ("General Association of Radio Broadcasting"), was a Dutch public broadcasting association operating within the framework of the Nederlandse Publieke Omroep system. It was the first public broad ...

, founded as radio broadcaster Hilversumsche Draadlooze Omroep (HDO) by the NSF transmitter factory in

Huizen Huizen () is a municipality and a village in the province of North Holland, the Netherlands. The name "Huizen" is Dutch for "houses" and this usage has been linked to the belief that the first stone houses, instead of the more common sod houses a ...

on 8 July 1923. The first regular radio broadcasts started on 21 July 1923. Airtime was rented to the various religious and political radio organisations—the Protestant

NCRV NCRV (Nederlandse Christelijke Radio Vereniging) (English: Dutch Christian Radio Association) was a public radio and television broadcaster in the Netherlands, mostly transmitting on NPO 1 and NPO 2. On 1 January 2014, NCRV merged with KRO to for ...

, the Roman Catholic

KRO KRO, or (Catholic Radio Broadcasting), was a Dutch public broadcasting organization founded on 23 April 1925. Broadly Catholic in its spiritual outlook, KRO broadcast the bulk of its television output on the NPO 1 channel. KRO was also responsi ...

, the Socialist

VARA Vara or VARA may refer to: Geography *Vara (river), in Liguria, Italy * Vara Parish, former municipality in Tartu County, Estonia * Vara, Estonia, village in Peipsiääre Parish, Tartu County, Estonia * Vara Municipality, municipality in western S ...

and the liberal Protestant

VPRO The VPRO (stylized vpro; originally an acronym for , ) is a Dutch public broadcaster, which forms a part of the Dutch public broadcasting system. Founded in 1926 as a liberal Protestant broadcasting organization, it gradually became more soc ...

. Under the system of pillarisation in place at the time, each audience group was faithful to its pillar's broadcasting company. The programmes were funded by the associations' members. KRO and NCRV started their own station in 1927 with a transmitter also located in Huizen and built by the NSF. In 1930 the government regulated equal airtime for all organisations on the two stations, and the semi-public broadcasting system was born. As a result, AVRO lost most of its airtime then (50%) to VARA and VPRO. The radio

was introduced by the Nazi occupation during World War II; the different broadcasting groups were urged by the

Government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ...

to co-operate more with each other, and the ''Netherlands Radio Union'' (Dutch:''Nederlandse Radio Unie'') was formed, producing joint programmes. The Netherlands Radio Union ''(Nederlandse Radio Unie)'' was one of 23 founding organisations of the

European Broadcasting Union The European Broadcasting Union (EBU; french: Union européenne de radio-télévision, links=no, UER) is an alliance of Public broadcasting, public service media organisations whose countries are within the European Broadcasting Area or who ar ...

(EBU) in 1950. (The role of Dutch representative to the

was later inherited by NOS, formed in 1969, and has since September 2002 been the responsibility of NPO.) 1951 saw the introduction of

television Television, sometimes shortened to TV, is a telecommunication medium for transmitting moving images and sound. The term can refer to a television set, or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium for advertisin ...

, and a similar union was founded: the Netherlands Television Foundation (''Nederlandse Televisie Stichting''), supplying studios and facilities for the associations. These broadcasts would air the

Nederland 1 NPO 1 (''NPO een'', formerly Nederland 1 until 2014) is the first national television station in the Netherlands. It launched on 2 October 1951. It provides public broadcasting and currently exists next to sister channels NPO 2 and NPO 3. Severa ...

channel; a second channel,

Nederland 2 NPO 2 (''NPO twee'', formerly Nederland 2 until 2014) is a Dutch television channel, sister channel of NPO 1 and NPO 3. It was established on 1 October 1964 at 20:00, initially with a 2.5 hours schedule until 22:30. NPO 2 tends to broadcast art ...

, launched in 1964.

The closed system opens up (1960–1990)

With the arrival of illegal offshore commercial radio stations, such as

Radio Veronica Radio Veronica was an offshore radio station that began broadcasting in 1960, and broadcast offshore for over fourteen years. It was set up by independent radio, TV and household electrical retailers in the Netherlands to stimulate the sales ...

in 1960 and

Radio Noordzee Radio Noordzee may refer to: * a radio station broadcasting from the REM Island REM Island is a platform built in the Republic of Ireland and towed off the Dutch coast in 1964 as the pirate broadcasting home of ''Radio and TV Noordzee''. Both st ...

in 1964,

Hilversum 3 NPO 3FM is a Dutch rhythmic CHR radio station controlled by public broadcaster NPO. The vast majority of the songs played on-air are rock, alternative, indie and pop, though dance and Mega Top 30 tracks may also air at times. History As R ...

was launched in 1965 to provide a legal alternative and to steer audiences towards the public service channels. ''Hilversum 3'', along with the other two networks, were renamed as Radio 1, Radio 2 and Radio 3 towards the late 1980s. In 1967 a Broadcasting Act was passed, providing for an official framework to supply the public with information, entertainment, culture and education, with time allocated to appointed broadcasting associations based on the number of members each association had. This allowed other organisations access to the public system, including the former commercial unlicensed broadcasters

TROS Tros or TROS may refer to: * 18281 Tros, an asteroid * Transformer read-only storage, a type of read-only memory * TROS, a Dutch broadcasting union, originally an acronym for Televisie Radio Omroep Stichting * Tros (mythology), a figure in Greek ...

and Veronica and the evangelical Christian EO to diversify programming. Advertising revenue was added, handled by an independent agency called STER. The Netherlands Radio Union (NRU) and the Netherlands Television Foundation (NTS) merged to form the NOS, charged with providing news and sport programmes as well as with general co-ordination of the public system. A new Media Act in 1988 meant that broadcasters were no longer obliged to use production facilities supplied by the NOS. These facilities were spun off into a new private company, NOB. Programme quotas were introduced: associations had to produce: *25% news and information programmes *25% entertainment and general programming *20% cultural *5% educational A new media regulator (''Commissariaat voor de Media'') was created to regulate the public and private networks. The regulator could impose fines, with a programming fund designed to encourage cultural broadcasts. New rules for the cable industry were also introduced: the public networks were designated must-carry status.

The start of private media (1990–2000)

In anticipation of the launch of new commercial satellite channels, a third television network,

Nederland 3 NPO 3 (''NPO drie'', formerly Nederland 3 until 2014) is the third and youngest of the terrestrial television channels operated by the Dutch public-broadcasting organization NPO in the Netherlands. It carries programmes provided by member-based ...

, launched in April 1988.

-based RTL-Véronique began broadcasting in October 1989. In 1992, the government of the Netherlands legalised commercial television, and a number of new commercial channels were established. As a result, the market share of public television had fallen from 85% to 50% by 1994. Veronica decided to leave the public system after 20 years to become a commercial broadcaster. By 1996 the arrival of more private channels from RTL and SBS had further reduced the market share of the public networks to 40%. With the change in the television landscape, changes were made to strengthen the public sector. Its financial revenues were improved by an increase in advertising time and the indexation of the licence fee to the cost of living. In 1995 the programming duties of the Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (Netherlands Broadcasting Foundation, NOS) were split in two, with the creation of the

NPS NPS may refer to: Organizations * National Park Service, U.S. * National Pension System, India * National Pension Service, Korea * National Phobics Society, UK charity * National Piers Society, UK charity * National Poetry Slam, competition * N ...

(Netherlands Programming Foundation). NOS was charged with providing news, sport and coverage of important live events, while the NPS provided cultural and children's programming. The previous NOS management was replaced by a three-person board, charged with developing strategies and responsibility for all public output. Programming co-ordinators were appointed for each of the television and radio networks, and channel identities were created, largely replacing the varying on-air presentation of the pillar broadcasters. The broadcasting associations also have a degree of input through a Supervisory Board. The market share of the public networks stabilized in 1999 at 38%, with the entry of a new broadcasting association, the first in 25 years. BNN (''Bart's News Network'', later ''Bart's Neverending Network'') replaced Veronica as programme supplier to teenagers and young adults.

Diversification, expansion and the creation of the NPO (2000–2010)

Under the new "open system" any company can become a broadcasting company and obtain radio and TV airtime. The only requirement is to request official status from the government and to have enough members. Broadcasting companies in the Netherlands must ensure every year they have enough members to retain their official status, and most of them sell TV guides or other magazines and make every subscriber a member of their organization. Many people question whether the current system is still appropriate in this age of digital broadcasting. There were plans in the run-up to the 2002 general election to change the way broadcast companies are selected, and to abolish the member-based system completely. Vocal critics included

Pim Fortuyn Wilhelmus Simon Petrus Fortuijn, known as Pim Fortuyn (; 19 February 1948 – 6 May 2002), was a Dutch politician, author, civil servant, businessman, sociologist and academic who founded the party Pim Fortuyn List (Lijst Pim Fortuyn or LPF) ...

, the assassinated leader of his own right-wing party. However, currently the system is still the way it always has been. Prior to the 2002 reorganization, the Dutch public broadcasting system was managed by NOS. In 2002, it was put under control of "

" (Dutch Public Broadcasting foundation), abbreviated as NPO. According to Article 2.2 of the , NPO was appointed as the governing organization of the public broadcasting system of the Netherlands until 2020. From September 2010, Minister of Culture and Education Ronald Plasterk approved the entry of new broadcasting associations PowNed and Wakker Nederland (WNL) into the public broadcasting system. Another association, MAX, was given full recognition and can increase its broadcasting hours. Conversely, LLiNK was withdrawn and no longer has access. Meanwhile, the NPS, Teleac and the RVU institutions merged into one public broadcaster, the NTR, delivering cultural, educational, current affairs and children's programmes to the public system.

Cuts to the public system (2010–present)

On 18 January 2010, Henk Hagoort, chairman of the NPO Management Board, announced a scaling back of the number of broadcasting associations using the public airwaves to 15 by 2015. He also warned of the threat of political parties which could influence programming in the public broadcasting system. In September 2010 cuts to the public system took effect, with the existing eleven full-time broadcasting associations facing decisions about their futures. Part-time Islamic broadcasters NMO, NIO and the merged SMON were all withdrawn from the public system. In March 2012, NPO announced the closure of two of its digital television channels, Geschiedenis 24 (''History 24'') and Consumenten 24 (''Consumer 24'') on 1 April. History programmes transferred to Holland Doc 24 and consumer programmes are looked after by VARA via an online portal.

Future plans (from 2016)

From 2015, Netherlands Public Broadcasting will face a budget shortfall of 200 million euro. To address this, the number of broadcasting associations within the public system is to be reduced. Mergers and/or cooperations have been confirmed between existing broadcasting associations:

List of broadcasters

Member based

There are currently eleven member-based broadcasting associations: *

AVROTROS AVROTROS () is a Dutch radio and television broadcaster that is part of the Dutch public broadcasting system. It was founded in 2014 as the result of a merger between the Algemene Vereniging Radio Omroep (AVRO) and the Televisie Radio Omroep St ...

''(Algemene Vereniging Radio Omroep - Televisie en Radio Omroep Stichting)'' ( en, General Radio Broadcasting Association - Television and Radio Broadcasting Foundation): A merger between the oldest broadcaster in the system and the most popular general broadcaster, its mission emphasizes its liberal roots by "promoting freedom" and with a focus on entertainment. The AVRO was founded as HDO in the 1923. The TROS originated from a commercial unlicensed TV station. The TROS was known for giving particularly much attention to Dutch popular music and promoting Dutch artists. From 2010 it took charge of the organisation of the Netherlands participation in the

Eurovision Song Contest The Eurovision Song Contest (), sometimes abbreviated to ESC and often known simply as Eurovision, is an international songwriting competition organised annually by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), featuring participants representing pr ...

. * BNNVARA ''(Bart's Neverending Network'' and ''Vereniging van Arbeiders Radio Amateurs)'' ( en, Association of Worker Radio Amateurs): BNN is founded by Bart de Graaff, its programming is primarily aimed at a younger audience, often dealing with popular culture, pop culture and shock value. The

is a large broadcaster with a left-wing labour oriented background. VARA broadcasts popular programmes such as ''De Wereld Draait Door''. * Evangelische Omroep, eo ''(Evangelische Omroep)'' ( en, Evangelical Broadcasting): A Protestant Christian broadcaster, often broadcasting programs of an evangelical nature. * Humanistische Omroep, HUMAN ''(Humanistische Omroep)'' ( en, Humanist Broadcaster): Broadcasts from a humanism, humanist perspective. * KRO-NCRV, kro-ncrv ''(Katholieke Radio Omroep'' and ''Nederlandse Christelijke Radio Vereniging)'' ( en, Catholic Radio Broadcasting and Dutch Christian Radio Association): The Katholieke Radio Omroep, kro is a Catholic broadcaster. Has predominantly non-religious programming and tends to be liberal. The Nederlandse Christelijke Radio Vereniging, ncrv is the main Christian broadcaster. * Omroep MAX, MAX: airs programming aimed at viewers over 50. * PowNed, POW ''(Publieke Omroep Weldenkend Nederland En Dergelijke)'': Launched in 2010, the broadcaster is a spin-off of the inflammatory political blog GeenStijl.nl. * VPRO, vpro (originally: ''Vrijzinnig Protestantse Radio Omroep)'' ( en, Liberal Protestant Radio Broadcasting): Quirky, independently minded broadcaster with a progressive liberal background. Much original intellectual cultural programming. * Wakker Nederland, WNL ''(Wakker Nederland)'' ( en, Netherlands Awake): Right-wing conservative broadcaster initiated by the De Telegraaf newspaper group. * Omroep ZWART ( en, Broadcaster BLACK): Provisionally recognised as an left-wing, liberal broadcaster since 1 January 2022, also co-operates with BNNVARA on certain programming. * ( en, Unheard of Netherlands): Provisionally recognised as a right-wing broadcaster since 1 January 2022.

Task based

In addition, there are now two official "public service broadcasters" created under the Media Act of 1988: * NOS ''(Nederlandse Omroep Stichting)'' ( en, Dutch Broadcasting Foundation): Focusing on news, parliamentary reporting, and sport, NOS's stated aim is to be objective. It is responsible for the "NOS Journaal", the main (daytime/evening) news bulletins on the public channels. It coordinates the other public broadcasters and creates most of the teletext pages. Until 2002, NOS served as the Dutch representative to the European Broadcasting Union, EBU. That role has now been taken over by the Nederlandse Publieke Omroep (organization), npo (Nederlandse Publieke Omroep - Netherlands Public Broadcasting). *Omroep NTR, ntr A new public broadcaster formed in September 2010. Specialising in providing news and information as well as cultural, educational, children's, and ethnic programming. NTR was formed by a merger of the former public broadcasters Nederlandse Programma Stichting, NPS, Teleac and RVU.

Other

* Omrop Fryslân (Frisian Broadcasting): West Frisian language, Frisian regional broadcaster allocated airtime on the national television channels. *Zendtijd voor Politieke Partijen: Airtime for commercials of political parties which are represented in the States General of the Netherlands, Dutch parliament. * socutera ''(Stichting ter bevordering van Sociale en Culturele doeleinden door Televisie en Radio)'': Small broadcaster broadcasting promotions related to culture and charity. * Stichting Ether Reclame, Ster ''( en, Foundation for Broadcast Advertising)'': Independent agency handling advertising exclusively on Netherlands Public Broadcasting's television, radio and online outlets. Created by the Broadcasting Act 1967 to prevent commercial influence on programming. Currently, income from advertising forms a third of the annual Media Budget to the public system.

Former broadcasters

*Concertzender (1998–2009): Classical music. Left the national public system after Netherlands Public Broadcasting stopped financing the station in order to launch Radio 6 (Netherlands), Radio 6. It continues to broadcast independently of the NPO. * LLiNK (2005–2010): Former broadcaster. Had public access withdrawn in 2010 due to Netherlands Public Broadcasting and the Commission for Media withdrawing financial support and stopped broadcasting at the end of 2010. Made television programmes about subjects such as environment (biophysical), the environment and human rights. * MO ''(Moslim Omroep)'' (2013-2015): Small Islamic broadcaster, withdrawn from the public system in October 2015. * Nederlandse Islamitische Omroep, NIO ''(Nederlandse Islamitische Omroep)'' (2005–2010): Small Islamic broadcaster, withdrawn from the public system in March 2010. * Nederlandse Moslim Omroep, NMO ''(Nederlandse Moslim Omroep)'' (1993–2010): Small Islamic broadcaster, slightly more progressive than the NIO. Withdrawn from the public system in March 2010. *

''(Nederlandse Programma Stichting)'' ( en, Dutch Programming Foundation) (1995–2010): Merged into NTR. Formerly part of the NOS, but split off in 1995. Produced cultural, factual, youth and minority-oriented programming. Produced the Dutch version of ''Sesame Street''. It was considered to put the NOS and NPS back together in 2008, but that plan was scrapped. *Radio Volks Universiteit, RVU ''(Radio Volks Universiteit)'' ( en, Popular Radio University) (1930–2010): Was a small educational broadcaster with a non-secular non-ideological nature. Member of Educom, a partnership with Teleac/NOT, merged into NTR. *Teleac (broadcaster), Teleac ''(Televisie-academie)'' ( en, Television Academy) (1996–2010): Former larger educational broadcaster, merged into NTR. Produced courses on television and television for schools. Member of Educom, a partnership with RVU. * Veronica (1975–1995): Former unlicensed radio broadcaster, entered the public system as a broadcasting association in 1975; its first programme was a classical music show on NPO Radio 4, Hilversum 4. Known for targeting teenagers and young adults. Withdrew in 1995 and became a commercial company as part of the RTL Nederland, Holland Media Groep. The TV and magazine departments are now owned by Sanoma and Talpa Media Holding. The Radio department is now part of the Sky Radio Group.

Television

The broadcasting organisations produce programmes for three main television channels and eight digital channels. Since 4 July 2009 the three main channels have been simulcast in 1080i High-definition television, high-definition. Most programming in the early stages is upscaled as in time more programmes will become available in native HD. In 2008 a temporary high-definition version of the Nederland 1 channel was created from 2 June to 24 August, to broadcast UEFA Euro 2008, Euro 2008, the 2008 Tour de France, and the 2008 Summer Olympics in HD before the launch of the permanent HD service.

National

* NPO 1: News, current affairs, sports and family. * NPO 2: Arts, culture, politics, documentaries, news, current affairs and religion. * NPO 3: Oriented towards youth and innovative television. ** ''NPO Zappelin'': Block for children aged 2–6, broadcast on NPO 3. ** ''NPO Zapp'': Block for children aged 6–12, broadcast on NPO 3.

Digital

Available via digital cable, satellite, and internet. * NPO 1 Extra – Entertainment archive channel * NPO 2 Extra – Documentaries, Arts and culture * NPO Politiek en Nieuws – Parliamentary coverage, current affairs and news

International

* BVN – (''Het Beste van NPO'') ( en, The Best of NPO) Entertainment channel, available worldwide by satellite and cable. Programmes are provided from Netherlands Public Broadcasting and the NOS. Before 2021, the channel was jointly run by NPO and the Flanders, Flemish public broadcaster VRT (broadcaster), VRT (The BVN symbolised ''Het Beste van Vlaanderen en Nederland''; or "The best of Flanders and the Netherlands"); programming from Radio Netherlands Worldwide ended in 2012.

Radio

National

* NPO Radio 1 – News, current affairs and sports coverage * NPO Radio 2 – Pop music from the 1980s and 1990s (1960s and 1970s hits may also air) * NPO 3FM – Pop, rock and dance music for a youth audience * NPO Radio 4 – Classical music * NPO Radio 5 – Pop music from the 1960s to 1980s * NPO Radio 2 Soul & Jazz – soul music, Soul, jazz music, Jazz and World music with cultural information * FunX – urban and ethnic music for a young audience. Run as a collaboration with local public radio foundations in Amsterdam, Utrecht (city), Utrecht, The Hague and Rotterdam. Programmes are made by the station (as opposed to the national member system), but is funded by Netherlands Public Broadcasting and takes NOS news bulletins.

Digital and web channels

The following digital and web channels are available vi
NPO Radioplayer
Channels are themed according to its parent network and/or the broadcasting association. Some of these channels appear on digital cable, on cable FM as well as the national DAB multiplex. * NPO SterrenNL * NPO 3FM KX Radio * NPO 3FM Alternative * NPO Radio 4 Concerten * NPO FunX Amsterdam Arab * NPO FunX Dance * NPO FunX Utrecht Latin * NPO FunX Rotterdam Reggae * NPO FunX Slow Jamz * NPO FunX Amsterdam * NPO FunX Rotterdam * NPO FunX Den Haag * NPO FunX Utrecht * NPO FunX Den Haag Hip Hop

International

*Radio Netherlands Worldwide – Destined for international listeners. It is an independent broadcaster and is outside of the Netherlands Public Broadcasting structure, however, like NPO it receives state funding.

NPO Start (Plus)

NPO Start is an online video on demand service accessible through the NPO Start website and through the apps for Android, iOS and Smart TV. NPO Start is free of charge and offers a variety of programmes shown on NPO 1, NPO 2 and NPO 3 the past 7 days. There is a subscription premium service as well that is called NPO Plus. This service allows viewers to watch shows and TV series that were broadcast more than 7 days ago. There are also no commercial breaks. NPO Start launched on 4 July 2017. It replaced Uitzending Gemist launched in 2003.

Regional broadcasters

In addition to the national system, each Dutch province also had a broadcasting corporation supplying its own programming to its television and radio stations from 1989 to 2021. * (Limburg (Netherlands), Limburg) * NH (media company), NH (North Holland) * Omroep Brabant (North Brabant) * Omrop Fryslân (Friesland) * Omroep Zeeland (Zeeland) * (Drenthe) * (Flevoland) * Omroep Gelderland (Gelderland) * RTV Utrecht (Utrecht (province), Utrecht) * RTV Noord (Groningen (province), Groningen) * AT5 (Amsterdam) (Partly commercial) * (Overijssel) * RTV Rijnmond (Rijnmond, Greater Rotterdam region) * Omroep West (South Holland)

References

External links

*
Official website
of NPO (

)
ThreeNL
a selection of programmes in English, by several different broadcasters
Live RadioList of public broadcasters with websites
(Dutch)
Media act and media policy
— Government.nl
TV and on-demand audiovisual services in Netherlands
— MAVISE {{European Broadcasting Union Members Publicly funded broadcasters Dutch public broadcasting organisations Netherlands Public Broadcasting, * Dutch-language television networks European Broadcasting Union members Radio stations established in 1923 Mass media companies established in 1923 Television channels and stations established in 1951 1923 establishments in the Netherlands State media

Finance

History

The closed system (1920–1960)

The closed system opens up (1960–1990)

The start of private media (1990–2000)

Diversification, expansion and the creation of the NPO (2000–2010)

Cuts to the public system (2010–present)

Future plans (from 2016)

List of broadcasters

Member based

Task based

Other

Former broadcasters

Television

National

Digital

International

Radio

National

Digital and web channels

International

NPO Start (Plus)

Regional broadcasters

See also

References

External links